国际贸易合同诈骗Contract Fraud:Guide for Overseas Buyers
作者：MK国际-MK中国一站式体育服务时间：2025-08-07 15:40:50
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全面证据梳理：立即整理与交易相关的所有材料，包括但不限于国际贸易合同、信用证及修改书、提单、商业发票、装箱单、报关单、付款凭证（银行流水、电汇记录）、双方通讯记录（邮件、即时通讯、通话记录）、验货报告等，形成完整证据链。 -
Comprehensive Evidence Sorting: Immediately sort out all transaction-related materials, including but not limited to international trade contracts, letters of credit and amendments, bills of lading, commercial invoices, packing lists, customs declarations, payment vouchers (bank statements, telegraphic transfer records), communication records between the two parties (emails, instant messages, call records), inspection reports, etc., to form a complete evidence chain.
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证据合规固化：对电子证据进行时间戳认证或区块链存证，确保其真实性与完整性；境外形成的证据需按规定办理公证认证手续，为后续法律程序奠定基础。 -
Compliance Preservation of Evidence: Conduct timestamp authentication or blockchain evidence storage for electronic evidence to ensure its authenticity and integrity; evidence formed overseas must go through notarization and authentication procedures as required to lay the foundation for subsequent legal procedures.
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行为定性分析：由专业律师判断对方行为性质，区分合同诈骗（刑事犯罪）与一般合同违约。若存在虚构主体、伪造关键单据、无实际履约能力却骗取货款等情形，可能构成合同诈骗罪。 -
Behavior Characterization Analysis: Professional lawyers judge the nature of the other party's behavior to distinguish between contract fraud (criminal offense) and general contract breach. If there are situations such as fictional subjects, forgery of key documents, or defrauding payment without actual performance capacity, it may constitute contract fraud.
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管辖与法律适用确定：根据合同争议解决条款，确定管辖法院或仲裁机构（如约定由中国仲裁机构仲裁）；依据《涉外民事关系法律适用法》及国际公约，明确案件适用的准据法（中国法律、对方所在国法律或《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》等）。 -
Determination of Jurisdiction and Applicable Law: Determine the competent court or arbitration institution according to the contract dispute resolution clause (e.g., if agreed to be arbitrated by a Chinese arbitration institution); clarify the applicable law for the case (Chinese law, the law of the other party's country, or the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods, etc.) in accordance with the "Law on the Application of Laws to Foreign-related Civil Relations" and international conventions.
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维权成本与可行性评估：结合诈骗金额、证据充分度、对方资产状况等因素，分析刑事报案、民事诉讼、国际仲裁等不同途径的时间成本、经济成本及胜诉可能性，制定最优维权方案。 -
Evaluation of Rights Protection Cost and Feasibility: Combining factors such as the amount of fraud, sufficiency of evidence, and the other party's asset status, analyze the time cost, economic cost, and possibility of winning through different approaches such as criminal reporting, civil litigation, and international arbitration, and formulate the optimal rights protection plan.
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报案材料准备：撰写详细的《刑事报案书》，阐明诈骗事实、证据情况及法律依据，明确报案请求（追究刑事责任、追缴赃款赃物），向中国公安机关经侦部门报案。 -
Preparation of Reporting Materials: Write a detailed "Criminal Reporting Letter" explaining the fraud facts, evidence situation, and legal basis, clarify the reporting requests (pursuing criminal liability, recovering stolen money and goods), and report to the economic investigation department of Chinese public security organs.
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跨境刑事协作：若诈骗方在境外，推动公安机关通过国际刑警组织发布协查通报，或依据双边司法协助条约请求境外司法机关协助调查、抓捕嫌疑人及冻结涉案资产。 -
Cross-border Criminal Cooperation: If the fraudster is overseas, promote public security organs to issue a notice through Interpol, or request overseas judicial organs to assist in investigation, arrest suspects, and freeze 涉案 assets in accordance with bilateral judicial assistance treaties.
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诉讼/ 仲裁程序启动：若选择民事救济，向有管辖权的法院提起诉讼或向约定仲裁机构申请仲裁，提出解除合同、返还货款、赔偿损失等诉讼请求，并提交完整证据材料。 -
Initiation of Litigation/Arbitration Procedures: If choosing civil remedies, file a lawsuit with the competent court or apply for arbitration with the agreed arbitration institution, put forward claims such as contract termination, refund of payment, and compensation for losses, and submit complete evidence materials.
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财产保全申请：在诉讼/ 仲裁前或过程中，及时申请财产保全，冻结对方在境内的银行账户、房产、股权等资产，防止其转移财产导致胜诉后无法执行。 -
Application for Property Preservation: Before or during litigation/arbitration, timely apply for property preservation to freeze the other party's domestic bank accounts, real estate, equity and other assets to prevent them from transferring property and making it impossible to execute after winning the case.
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庭审与裁决执行：由律师代理参与庭审，围绕事实认定与法律适用展开辩论；取得生效裁判文书后，若对方不履行义务，申请法院强制执行，或依据《纽约公约》向境外法院申请承认和执行仲裁裁决。 -
Trial and Award Enforcement: Lawyers represent clients in court hearings and debate on fact-finding and application of law; after obtaining effective judgment documents, if the other party fails to perform obligations, apply to the court for compulsory execution, or apply to overseas courts for recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards in accordance with the New York Convention.
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专业谈判：在律师主导下与对方进行谈判，基于证据与法律分析明确其违约/ 诈骗责任及后果，提出具体解决方案（如退款、补货、赔偿），争取通过和解快速解决争议。 -
Professional Negotiation: Negotiate with the other party under the leadership of lawyers, clarify their breach/fraud liability and consequences based on evidence and legal analysis, propose specific solutions (such as refund, replacement, compensation), and strive to resolve disputes quickly through settlement.
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第三方调解：申请中国国际贸易促进委员会（CCPIT）等专业调解机构介入，由中立调解员促成双方达成调解协议，并可申请法院对调解协议进行司法确认，赋予其强制执行力。 -
Third-party Mediation: Apply for intervention by professional mediation institutions such as the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT). Neutral mediators facilitate the two parties to reach a mediation agreement, and can apply to the court for judicial confirmation of the mediation agreement to endow it with compulsory execution.
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境内外律师联动：委托中国律师与境外买方所在地律师协同工作，实现证据跨境交换、法律信息共享及程序衔接，确保维权行动符合中外法律规定。 -
Linkage of Domestic and Overseas Lawyers: Entrust Chinese lawyers to work with lawyers in the overseas buyer's location to realize cross-border evidence exchange, legal information sharing and procedure connection, ensuring that rights protection actions comply with Chinese and foreign legal provisions.
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资产全球追踪：通过专业资产调查机构排查对方在境内外的资产线索，包括离岸公司账户、海外房产、关联企业股权等，为执行程序提供资产线索支持。 -
Global Asset Tracking: Investigate the other party's domestic and overseas asset clues through professional asset investigation institutions, including offshore company accounts, overseas real estate, related enterprise equity, etc., to provide asset clue support for execution procedures.
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国际机构协助：借助中国驻外使领馆、国际商会（ICC）、行业协会等机构的资源，协调解决跨境取证、文书送达、执行协助等难题。 -
Assistance from International Institutions: With the resources of Chinese embassies and consulates abroad, International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), industry associations and other institutions, coordinate to solve problems such as cross-border evidence collection, document service, and execution assistance.
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交易对手尽职调查：在合作前通过专业机构对中国卖家进行资信调查，核实其工商注册信息、经营状况、过往交易记录、信用评级等，避免与空壳公司或信用不良企业合作。 -
Due Diligence on Transaction Counterparties: Before cooperation, conduct credit investigation on Chinese sellers through professional institutions to verify their industrial and commercial registration information, operating status, past transaction records, credit ratings, etc., to avoid cooperating with shell companies or enterprises with poor credit.
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合同条款优化设计：由律师审查并完善合同条款，明确付款方式（如采用信用证付款并严格审核条款）、交货验收标准、违约责任、争议解决方式及法律适用等核心内容，加入反诈骗条款。 -
Optimization and Design of Contract Clauses: Lawyers review and improve contract clauses, clarify core contents such as payment methods (e.g., using letter of credit payment and strictly reviewing clauses), delivery and acceptance standards, liability for breach of contract, dispute resolution methods and applicable law, and add anti-fraud clauses.
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交易过程动态监控：在合同履行中密切跟踪货物运输、单据流转及付款情况，对异常信号（如延迟交货、单据不符）保持警惕，及时与律师沟通采取应对措施。 -
Dynamic Monitoring of Transaction Process: Closely track the status of goods transportation, document circulation and payment during contract performance, remain vigilant about abnormal signals (such as delayed delivery, document discrepancies), and timely communicate with lawyers to take countermeasures.
来源：Legal Service 涉外法务
